Ramsey Clark - Knowledge (XXH) (2024)

1016:"It is likely that well before Clark took his bizarre positions in support of highly repressive, violent, and intolerant political systems and their leaders, he came to the conclusion that the United States was the most dangerous and reprehensible source of evil in the world. This overarching belief led to the reflexive sympathy and support for all the enemies and alleged victims of the United States. They include dictators of different ideological persuasion noted above, whose inhumane qualities and policies Clark was unable to discern or acknowledge, let alone condemn. It was sufficient for Clark's moral accounting that if these dictators were opposed to (and allegedly victimized by) the United States, they deserved and earned his sympathy."601:

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973:. Clark appeared before the Iraqi Special Tribunal in late November 2005 arguing "that it failed to respect basic human rights and was illegal because it was formed as a consequence of the United States' illegal war of aggression against the people of Iraq." Clark said that unless the trial was seen as "absolutely fair", it would "divide rather than reconcile Iraq".8201:

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important documents were not given to defense lawyers in advance, that paperwork was lost, and that the judges made asides that pre-judged Saddam Hussein. One of the aforementioned outbursts occurred when Clark was ejected from the trial after passing the judge a memorandum stating that the trial was making "a mockery of justice". The chief judge

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in an attempt to carry out with impunity crimes against peace and humanity and war crimes and deprivations of the civil rights of the people of the United States and other nations, by assuming powers of an imperial executive unaccountable to law and usurping powers of the Congress, the Judiciary and

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from testifying before the jury after Clark had testified outside the presence of the jury. Judge Hoffman upheld the prosecution's objections to 14 of Defense Attorney William Kunstler's 38 questions to Clark, but Clark did testify that he had told the prosecutor Tom Foran to investigate the charges

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in this case is absolutely imperative for historical truth." Clark stated that by the time he decided to join Hussein's defense team, it was clear that "proceedings before the Iraqi Special Tribunal would corrupt justice both in fact and in appearance and create more hatred and rage in Iraq against

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In June 2006, Clark wrote an article criticizing U.S. foreign policy in general, containing a list of 17 U.S. "major aggressions" introduced by "Both branches of our One Party system, Democrat and Republican, favor the use of force to have their way." He followed this by saying, "The United States

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found the trial to be unfair and to violate basic international human rights law. Among the irregularities cited by HRW, were that proceedings were marked by frequent outbursts by both judges and defendants, that three defense lawyers were murdered, that the original chief judge was replaced, that

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liberals; he had also built a successful record, especially in his management of the Justice Department's Lands Division; he had increased the efficiency of his division and had saved enough money from his budget so that he had asked Congress to reduce the budget by $ 200,000 annually.

875:. Defying a travel ban, Clark went to Tehran again in June 1980 to attend a conference on alleged U.S. interference in Iranian affairs, on which occasion he was granted admission. While there he both demanded the release of the hostages and criticized past U.S. support for961:

As a lawyer, Clark was criticized by both opponents and supporters for some of the people he agreed to defend, such as foreign dictators hostile to the United States; Clark stood beside and defended his clients, regardless of their own admitted actions and crimes.

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Clark married Georgia Welch, a classmate from the University of Texas, on April 16, 1949. They had two children, Ronda Kathleen Clark and Tom Campbell Clark II. His wife died on July 3, 2010, at the age of 81. His son Tom died from cancer on November 23, 2013.

1283:. The paper commented: "Clark said there is a Web site, www.votetoimpeach.org, dedicated to collecting signatures of U.S. citizens who want President George W. Bush impeached, and that approximately 150,000 have signed to impeach, he said."4130:

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government may have been able to outspend the Soviet Union into economic collapse in the Cold War arms race, injuring the entire planet in the process. Now Bush has entered a new arms race and is provoking a Second Cold War."

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and several members of his administration. For the duration of Bush's terms in office, Clark sought, unsuccessfully, for the House of Representatives to bring articles of impeachment against Bush. He was the founder of the

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3890:"Attorney Sanctioned for Criticizing Judge: Courts: Panel finds that civil rights lawyer Stephen Yagman tried to force jurist to take himself off cases. He could face reprimand, suspension or other discipline"1289:

magazine stated in an article dated February 27, 2004, "Ramsey Clark's VoteToImpeach.org is a serious operation", and said the group had run full-sized newspaper advertising on both coasts of the U.S. though the

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with Saddam's, stating "both trials are marred with injustice, both are flawed." He characterized Milošević and Saddam Hussein as "both commanders who were courageous enough to fight more powerful countries."

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1067:'s release and pledged assistance by joining the latter's legal defense team headed by Jan Fermon. Clark doubted Dutch authorities' "validity and competency", since the murder charges originated in the5144:

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said Clark was admitting Hussein's guilt when Clark reportedly stated in a 2005 BBC interview: "He had this huge war going on, and you have to act firmly when you have an assassination attempt".

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and took the oath of office on March 2. Clark was one of Johnson's popular and successful cabinet appointments, being described as "able, independent, liberal and soft-spoken" and a symbol of the

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the American occupation...affirmative measures must be taken to prevent prejudice from affecting the conduct of the case and the final judgment of the court...For there to be peace, the days of

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954:. Upon returning to the U.S., the delegation held a press conference on September 22, 1998, to refute the U.S. State Department's claims that the facility had been producing8240:

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In 1991, Clark's Coalition to Stop U.S. Intervention in the Middle East opposed the U.S.-led war and sanctions against Iraq. Clark accused the administration of President

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those reserved to the people of the United States." Votetoimpeach.org claimed to have collected over one million signatures in favor of impeachment as of January 2009.

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Clark was not alone in criticizing the Iraqi Special Tribunal's trial of Saddam Hussein, which drew intense criticism from international human rights organizations.

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2617:"For a Politician, former U.S. Atty. Gen. Ramsey Clark Took a Road Less Traveled--a Hard Left Into the Hotbed of Human Rights Causes: Loner of the Left"871:

to visit Tehran and seek to open negotiations with Iranian authorities for the hostages' release; while en route, they were refused entry into the country by

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However, there also was speculation that one of the reasons that contributed to Johnson's making the appointment was the expectation that Clark's father,

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1770:—; Douglass, Frederick; Danticat, Edwidge; Dupuy, Ben; Laraque, Paul (2010). Chin, Pat; Dunkel, Greg; Flounders, Sara; Ives, Kim (eds.).658:, would resign from the Supreme Court to avoid a conflict of interest. Johnson wanted a vacancy to be created on the Court so he could appoint3280:

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between state government forces and villagers resulted in the death of at least 14 villagers. In a December 2007 interview, he described the

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against the defendants through Justice Department lawyers "as is generally done in civil rights cases", rather than through a grand jury.

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during his 1985 fight against extradition from the United States to Liberia, Taylor would later be convicted of crimes against humanity.

1040:. He commented: "History will prove Milošević was right. Charges are just that: charges. The trial did not have facts." He compared the818:

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848:, Clark again sought the Democratic nomination to represent New York in the Senate, but finished a distant third in the primary behind6505:

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Ramsey Clark's Prosecution Complex: How did Lyndon Johnson's attorney general come to defend dictators, war criminals, and terrorists?

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War Crimes: A Report on United States War Crimes Against Iraq to the Commission of Inquiry for the International War Crimes Tribunal

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in 1956. From 1951 to 1961, Clark practiced law as an associate and partner at his father's Texas law firm, Clark, Reed and Clark.

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821:, Clark received one delegate vote for the presidential nomination and two delegate votes for the vice-presidential nomination.8370:

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802:, but he resigned in 1973, saying, "I didn't feel like working on things I didn't believe in, I didn't think were important."752:

Jr., but in later years, Clark expressed his regret at the prosecution's victory: "We won the case, that was the worst part."

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3056:"Chose to fight anti-Bengal forces in Nandigram as mark of respect to martyrs: Mamata Banerjee | India News – Times of India"1412:

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As a lawyer, Clark also provided legal counsel and advice to prominent figures, including many controversial individuals.

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The organization, under Clark's guidance, drafted its own articles of impeachment against President Bush, Vice President

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984:"From bullying prosecutor he mutated into vagrant and floating defense counsel, offering himself to the génocideurs of915:, and "others to be named" of "crimes against peace, war crimes", and "crimes against humanity" for its conduct of the7978:

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on June 12, 1967, effectively resigning from the Supreme Court and creating the vacancy Johnson apparently desired.

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in 1972 as a protest against the bombing of Hanoi. During this time he was associated with the New York law firm

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Father, Son, and Constitution: How Justice Tom Clark and Attorney General Ramsey Clark Shaped American Democracy

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A partial listing of persons who have reportedly received legal counsel and advice from Ramsey Clark includes:

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767:, relations between Johnson and Clark soured and, by inauguration day, they were no longer on speaking terms.491:

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listed the website as one of three "Impeachment links", alongside afterdowningstreet.org and impeachpac.org.

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Clark served as the attorney general until Johnson's term as president ended on January 20, 1969. Because of

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politician. In the 1990s, Clark represented Karadžić in a civil suit brought by Croats and Muslims from the

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3705:"Public Interest Group Files Civil Suit To Overturn All U.S. Marijuana Laws | News | The Harvard Crimson"2109:

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in 1993, resulting in the death of about 80 members. Clark represented the plaintiffs in a suit alleging

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and saying he had been drunk on the bench. The disbarment never went into effect and later was reversed.

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After leaving public office, Clark led many progressive activism campaigns, including opposition to the

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1757:—; Doebbler, Curtis (2011). The Iraqi Special Tribunal: An Abuse of Justice (Report). Lulu.com.1732:— (2002b). "Appendix: On the fiftieth anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights".1533:, whose disbarment from U.S. federal court was sought based on his harsh criticism of a federal judge,3546:

Ramsey Clark's Road Less Traveled: the Former Attorney General Took a Hard Left and Hasn't Looked Back

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Supreme Court Justice Tom C. Clark, A Life of Service by Mimi Clark Gronlund, Ramsey Clark, pg. 21

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In September 2010, an essay on torture by Clark was published in a three-part paperback entitled

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During his years at the Justice Department, Clark played an important role in the history of the

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4035:– documentary film on the life of former U.S. Attorney General Ramsey Clark (2018, 95 minutes)3917:"Aaron Sorkin's 'The Trial of the Chicago 7' Adds Michael Keaton, Sets September 2020 Release"3654:

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for "his steadfast insistence on respect for human rights and fair judicial process for all".

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United States Assistant Attorneys General for the Environment and Natural Resources Division

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From Benito Mussolini to Hugo Chavez: Intellectuals and a Century of Political Hero Worship

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in which Clark stated: "We've had more than 500,000 people sign on 'Vote to Impeach'." The

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2250:"USDOJ: Environment and Natural Resources Division 100th Anniversary: Ramsey Clark"1733:

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in 1950 and 1951, respectively. While at the University of Texas, he was a member of the

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In 2004, Clark joined a panel of about 20 Arab and one other non-Arab lawyers to defend

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Barnes, Bart (December 23, 2013). "Tom C. Clark II, environmental lawyer, dies at 59".

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Dewhirst, Robert E. (January 1, 2009). "Clark, Ramsey". In Genovese, Michael A. (ed.).

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3160:"List of Award Recipients | The Peace Abbey FoundationThe Peace Abbey Foundation"2408:

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In addition to his government work, during this period Clark was also director of the

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called Saddam's trial a "missed opportunity" and a "deeply flawed trial", and the UN

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Saint or Sinner? Jennifer Casolo, Freed From El Salvador, Is Now On The Tour Circuit

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1795:. By Reifer, Thomas Ehrlich; Zangana, Haifa (Firsted.). Seven Stories Press.1739:

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in New York City on April 9, 2021. He was the last surviving Cabinet member of the

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Ramsey Clark speaks to the anti-war protest in Washington, D.C., on March 20, 2010.

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Ramsey charged and "tried" NATO on 19 counts and issued calls for its dissolution.

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In the Kennedy and Johnson administrations, Clark occupied senior positions in the

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2110:"Ramsey Clark, former U.S. attorney general and human rights activist, dead at 93"1789:— (2010). "Torture, the Cruelest of All Human Acts, Is a Crime in America".1328:. The document argues that the four committed, "violations and subversions of the588:

He was admitted to the Texas bar in 1950, and was admitted to practice before the

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561:; he served until 1946. Back in the U.S., he earned a Bachelor of Arts from the5186:

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reported Clark's efforts to impeach Bush and others, prior to the start of the

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2380:"Ramsey Clark, attorney general who represented Saddam Hussein, dies at 93"553:

in Washington, D.C., but dropped out at the age of 17 in order to join the

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Crime in America: Observations on Its Nature Causes Prevention and Control

420:(December 18, 1927 – April 9, 2021) was an American lawyer, activist, and7118:

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2013:

2003:

1979:

1949:

1933:

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Clark's speech to a counter-inauguration protest on January 20, 2005, at

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916:

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4004:"3 of 12 living ex-U.S. cabinet secretaries over 90 are from New Jersey"2050:. Vol.32, no.9. Johnson Publishing. June 8, 1967. p.10879:. This second unauthorized trip reportedly infuriated President Carter.794:(1973–1981). He was active in the anti-Vietnam War movement and visited455:

As attorney general, Clark was known for his vigorous opposition to the

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Hope Viner Samborn, Ruling Could Lead to More Human Rights Tort Cases,

3082:"Interview: Consumerism and materialism deadlier than armed occupation"1956:

1905:

1762:

1294:

also went on to describe them as also being an "angry petition stage."

1247:

In 2002, Clark founded "VoteToImpeach", an organization advocating the

4099:

3313:"Former U.S. Attorney General Ramsey Clark Calls For Bush Impeachment"3141:

2545:"Our Campaigns - US Vice President - D Convention Race - Jul 10, 1972"2434:

702:

supervised federal enforcement of the court order protecting the 1965

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1972:(1999), 23,000 bombs and missiles dropped on Yugoslavia; Clinton (D).1874:

1774:(Updateded.). Youth & The Military Education Project (US).1516:

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515:

2661:

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Times, J. Anthony Lukas Special to The New York (January 29, 1970).

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of 1992 for atrocities and human rights abuses committed during the

927:

and the "use of a weapon of mass destruction". Similarly, after the

786:

Following his term as attorney general, Clark taught courses at the

2413:

United States Department of Justice: Office of the Attorney General

2350:"Ramsey Clark, Attorney General and Rebel With a Cause, Dies at 93"6510:

3813:"How a Red Army Officer-Turned-Nazi Recruit Made America His Home"2821:

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On September 1, 2007, in New York City, Clark called for detained

1047:

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shouted at Clark, "No, you are the mockery ... get him out. Out!"

935:

840:

in the primary, but lost in the general election to the incumbent

599:

486:. He offered advice or legal defense to such prominent figures as2527:"Our Campaigns - US President - D Convention Race - Jul 10, 1972"1895:(1959–1975); Eisenhower (R), Kennedy (D), Johnson (D), Nixon (R).1382:). Clark served as defense counsel at trial and won an acquittal.2944:"Ramsey Clark's Indictment of George W. Bush on June 15th, 2006"2645:"Peace activists express concern about anti-semites in movement"1963:

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In April 2009, Clark spoke at a session of the UN's anti-racism

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4248:

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3864:"Judge Real's Sanctions Against Lawyer Killed but Feud Goes On"3230:

Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights

2682:"Former US Attorney General Charges US, British and UN Leaders"2016:

for years of chaos and systematic killings; George W. Bush (R).

1071:

and had already been dismissed by the country's Supreme Court.

3449:

662:, the first African American justice. The elder Clark assumed522:

and his wife Mary Jane (née Ramsey). Clark's father served as

1422:

About 100 survivors and relatives of the dead members of the

980:

Hitchens continued to describe Clark in the following terms:

716:

supervised the drafting and executive role in passage of the

3386:

2734:"Look at the Place! Sudan Says, 'Say Sorry', but U.S. Won't"1389:, charged by Salvadoran authorities in 1989 with aiding the4088:

1857:

Clark's list of "major aggressions" by the United States:

8276:

Candidates in the 1972 United States presidential election

1264:. Clark and the IAC helped found the protest organization1260:, which holds significant overlapping membership with the3600:

5 Years After Waco Standoff, The Spirit of Koresh Lingers

3445:"Lawyer: Ex-U.S. attorney general to join Saddam defense"557:, seeing action in Western Europe in the final months of3481:"Lori Berenson returning to U.S. after 20 years in Peru"7960:

Spring Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam

7738:"Woke Up This Morning (With My Mind Stayed On Freedom)"4095:

Guide to the Citizens for Ramsey Clark papers 1969-1980

3838:"Liberia ex-leader Charles Taylor get 50 years in jail"3035:

Hossain, Rakeeb; Chaudhuri, Drimi (November 10, 2007).

1873:(1954), military government for democratically elected1715:

The Impact of Sanctions on Iraq: The Children Are Dying

1618:. The Great Contemporary Issues. New York: Arno Press.929:

1999 NATO bombing of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

7984:

African American founding fathers of the United States

6337:

Chicago Freedom Movement/Chicago open housing movement

6202:

John F. Kennedy's speech to the nation on Civil Rights

3357:"ImpeachBush / VoteToImpeach: Articles of Impeachment"2494:"Chicago 7 Judge Bars Ramsey Clark As Defense Witness"1467:

National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws

2038:

2036:

2034:

2004:

War of aggression against Iraq and hostile occupation

1378:, a Catholic priest and antiwar activist (one of the8346:

United States Marine Corps personnel of World War II

2223:"Diverse Notable Alumni – Diversity & Inclusion"1654:

War Crimes: A Report on U.S. War Crimes Against Iraq

8306:

Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison people

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Emmett Till and Mamie Till-Mobley National Monument

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3174:"Ramsey Clark Adresses Serbian Academic Community"2044:"New Atty. General Is Liberal, Soft-Spoken Worker"2000:(2001–present), regime change; George W. Bush (R).1946:(1989–1990), regime change; George H. W. Bush (R).1863:(1953), the Shah replacing democratically elected938:to collect evidence in the aftermath of President2103:

2101:

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1990:which provided the majority of all medicines for1912:(1981–1988), resulting in regime change from the1036:On March 18, 2006, Clark attended the funeral of992:, and using up the spare time in apologetics for518:, Texas, on December 18, 1927, the son of jurist8286:Lyndon B. Johnson administration cabinet members6568:Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)3281:"Ramsey Clark speaks out against war at college"2563:"The Iran Hostage Crisis: When Compromise Fails"2374:

2372:

1469:Advisory Board during the 1970s and early 1980s.836:from New York; he defeated the party's designee759:'s attacks on Clark's liberal record during the6558:Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)6491:Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights6382:Green v. County School Board of New Kent County2962:"Ex-US attorney general calls for Joma release"1772:Haiti: A Slave Revolution: 200 Years After 18041635:The Fire This Time: U.S. War Crimes in the Gulf1014:

982:

16:66th United States Attorney General (1927–2021)8037:Medgar and Myrlie Evers Home National Monument3786:"Ramsey Clark, the war criminal's best friend"3199:"Ramsey Clark, the war criminal's best friend"1495:leaders in a lawsuit brought by the family of1344:Regarding his role as a defense lawyer in the740:." Four of the five were convicted, including7945:List of lynching victims in the United States6283:Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States5795:

5202:

4747:

4260:

3647:"The Long and Lonely Journey of Ramsey Clark"2715:"Clinton Bombs Sudanese Pharmaceutical Plant"934:In September 1998, Clark led a delegation to534:in August 1949. His maternal grandfather was428:liberal, he occupied senior positions in the8:

2998:"Nandigram says 'No!' to Dow's chemical hub"2587:Cumming-Bruce, Nicholas (November 8, 1979).2012:(2004), deposing the democratically elected1330:Constitution of the United States of America1164:

1154:Advocating the impeachment of George W. Bush1146:In 2008, the United Nations awarded him its800:Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison6412:Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights5055:Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare3423:

3421:

3266:Coogan, "The International Action Center,"2343:

2341:

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1922:(population 110,000)(1983–1987); Reagan (R)1735:Acts of Aggression: Policing "Rogue" States1499:, who was murdered during hijacking of the681:during the week following the admission of8321:Presidents of the American Bar Association6461:Council for United Civil Rights Leadership5828:

5802:

5788:

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5086:Secretary of Housing and Urban Development4778:

4754:

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4245:

4131:Environment and Natural Resources Division4108:

4047:, vol. 312, no. 10 (17/24 May 2021), p. 6.3629:Ramsey Clark: Why I'm Taking Saddam's Case2298:"The Ramsey Clark Issue", October 18, 19682178:

2176:

2174:

1197:Impeachment of Bush administration members1163:

565:in 1949, and obtained a Master of Arts in166:Environment and Natural Resources Division128:January 28, 1965– March 10, 196764:Acting: November 28, 1966 – March 10, 196761:March 10, 1967– January 20, 196931:

20:

8017:Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument3017:National Human Rights Commission of India2435:"Clark, Ramsey, 1927-, Biographical info"2403:

2401:

1696:NATO in the Balkans: Voices of Opposition1391:Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front859:On November 5, 1979, at the start of the8052:King Center for Nonviolent Social Change6092:University of Georgia desegregation riot4127:United States Assistant Attorney General3225:"United Nations Human Rights Prize 2008"2892:"Saddam trial judge ejects Ramsey Clark"1113:at which he accused Israel of genocide.774:(in 1963) and national president of the162:United States Assistant Attorney General8356:University of Chicago Law School alumni7966:Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence7703:"If You Miss Me at the Back of the Bus"7698:"Ain't Gonna Let Nobody Turn Me 'Round"4085:from the Department of Justice website.4079:from the Department of Justice website.2817:

2815:

2784:

2782:

2409:"Attorney General William Ramsey Clark"2072:Encyclopedia of the American Presidency2030:

1850:

1742:; Zangana, Haifa. Seven Stories Press.1462:, a U.S. soldier who deserted his post.1430:besieged by federal agents in a 51-day1008:Sociologist and anti-communist scholar1000:, which originated in a defense of the732:, Clark oversaw the prosecution of the728:As attorney general during part of the471:. Clark supervised the drafting of the301:1949; died2010)8341:United States Deputy Attorneys General7880:African-American women in the movement6332:White House Conference on Civil Rights6163:"Segregation now, segregation forever"3975:"Death Notices: Georgia Welch Clark".3929:from the original on November 13, 20203486:. Associated Press. November 30, 2015.2760:, "The Strange Case of Ramsey Clark,"1998:Invasion and occupation of Afghanistan1515:, charged for the killings of Jews in1367:, an American convicted of support of1301:in Washington, D.C., was broadcast by1268:(Act Now to Stop War and End Racism).1139:to receive an honorary doctorate from709:headed the Presidential task force to624:from 1961 to 1965, and then served as444:from 1967 to 1969; previously, he was8241:American anti–death penalty activists6321:Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections4156:United States Deputy Attorney General4002:Wildstein, David (February 7, 2021).3811:Cenziper, Debbie (January 28, 2020).3519:. Associated Press. December 6, 1989.3105:The U.N.'s Anti-Antiracism Conference1839:Progressive Party (South Korea, 2017)637:Attorney General of the United States604:Attorney General Clark and President116:United States Deputy Attorney General7:

8361:University of Texas at Austin alumni8089:St. Augustine Foot Soldiers Monument6553:Regional Council of Negro Leadership6501:Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party6447:Committee on Appeal for Human Rights5924:Sarah Keys v. Carolina Coach Company5849:Murders of Harry and Harriette Moore3915:Sinha-Roy, Piya (October 25, 2019).3409:Ramsey Clark's Long Trek for Justice2239:The Rainbow, vol. 132, no. 2, p. 10.1882:Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville)1673:Challenge to Genocide: Let Iraq Live1576:Clark died at age 93 at his home in1026:Working Group on Arbitrary Detention867:instructed Clark and Senate staffer6496:Lowndes County Freedom Organization6432:Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters6102:Robert F. Kennedy's Law Day Address3464:"Why I'm Willing to Defend Hussein"3020:. November 12, 2007. Archived from2879:"Saddam trial 'flawed and unsound'"2776:, news.bbc.co.uk, December 29, 20042643:Gelbspan, Ross (January 22, 1991).2252:. September 1, 2009. Archived from2006:(2003–present); George W. Bush (R).1916:to corrupt capitalists; Reagan (R).1452:Nazi concentration camp commandant1231:Reported over 1,000,000 signatories923:; in 1996, he added the charges of819:1972 Democratic National Convention761:1968 presidential election campaign677:supervised the federal presence at596:Kennedy and Johnson administrations430:United States Department of Justice7940:African-American churches attacked6506:Montgomery Improvement Association6481:Georgia Council on Human Relations6466:Council of Federated Organizations6437:Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)6195:16th Street Baptist Church bombing6153:Meredith enrollment, Ole Miss riot5959:1957 Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom5863:McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents5556:New Haven-León Sister City Project4032:Citizen Clark: A Life of Principle3680:"Revista Envío - NICARAGUA BRIEFS"3645:Margolick, David (June 14, 1991).3535:Wire Services (November 28, 1989).3359:. January 13, 2009. Archived from2809:, news.bbc.co.uk, December 5, 20052774:"US rebel joins Saddam legal team"2695:"NATO found guilty", June 10, 20002615:Getlin, Josh (February 18, 1990).2386:. Associated Press. April 11, 20212348:Martin, Douglas (April 10, 2021).1899:Invasion of the Dominican Republic1717:(2nded.). World View Forum.1148:Prize in the Field of Human Rights590:Supreme Court of the United States526:from 1945 to 1949 under President14:

8261:American male non-fiction writers8236:20th-century American politicians8012:Birmingham Civil Rights Institute7885:Jews in the civil rights movement3513:"American Charged in El Salvador"3385:. January 5, 2009. Archived from3080:Dam, Marcus (December 17, 2007).2881:news.bbc.co.uk, November 20, 20062807:"Chaos mars Saddam court hearing"2075:. Facts on File. pp.93–94.1493:Palestine Liberation Organization1160:Efforts to impeach George W. Bush763:and ultimate narrow victory over8246:American anti–Iraq War activists8206:Civil rights movement portal8199:

8047:Freedom Riders National Monument7789:The Kingdom of God Is Within You6301:1965 Selma to Montgomery marches6260:1964 Monson Motor Lodge protests6147:Second Emancipation Proclamation5145:Ambassador to the United Nations4813:

4720:

3730:"NORML 1981 - Drug Legalization"3090:. Chennai, India. Archived from3037:"CPM cadres kill 3 in Nandigram"2732:Lacey, Marc (October 20, 2005).2274:. April 13, 2015. Archived from2190:. April 13, 2015. Archived from2108:McCool, Grant (April 11, 2021).1986:Cruise Missiles) destroying the1920:Attack and occupation of Grenada1818:

1074:In November 2007, Clark visited736:for "conspiracy to aid and abet579:University of Chicago Law School390:

372:

8336:United States Attorneys General8256:American foreign policy writers8074:Mississippi Civil Rights Museum8062:Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial6538:National Council of Negro Women6476:Deacons for Defense and Justice4276:United States Attorneys General3616:Jury clears US over Waco deaths2980:"Ramsey Clark visits Nandigram"1988:Al-Shifa pharmaceutical factory1698:. International Action Center.996:. He acts as front-man for the944:Al-Shifa pharmaceutical factory788:Howard University School of Law298:

8291:Military personnel from Dallas5954:Mansfield school desegregation4175:United States Attorney General4055:. University Press of Kansas.1413:Torture Victims Protection Act950:the previous month as part of809:trial. He was barred by Judge620:, overseeing the department's524:United States Attorney General467:, and dedication to enforcing442:United States Attorney General49:United States Attorney General1:

8311:People from Greenwich Village8084:National Voting Rights Museum8027:Civil Rights Movement Archive7826:Lynching in the United States7713:"Keep Your Eyes on the Prize"6168:Stand in the Schoolhouse Door6141:University of Chicago sit-ins5908:Davis v. Prince Edward County3949:"Deaths Clark, Georgia Welch"3383:"ImpeachBush / VoteToImpeach"1966:(1993–2001); Bill Clinton (D)1955:"Humanitarian" occupation of1952:(1991); George H. W. Bush (R)1582:Lyndon Johnson administration1123:Clark was a recipient of the919:against Iraq and the ensuing713:following the 1965 riots; and563:University of Texas at Austin8079:National Civil Rights Museum7935:March on Washington Movement7920:Dexter Avenue Baptist Church6389:Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co.3331:"San Francisco Bay Guardian"3124:"The Torturer in the Mirror"2764:, April 22, 1991, pp. 23–29.2671:, by Ramsey Clark and others1407:who sued Karadžić under the469:United States antitrust laws8271:Brooklyn Law School faculty8251:American anti-war activists7723:"This Little Light of Mine"6471:Dallas County Voters League6417:Atlanta Negro Voters League6180:Letter from Birmingham Jail5887:Brown v. Board of Education5111:Secretary of Transportation4089:International Action Center3618:, BBC News (July 15, 2000).3529:Casolo Retains Ramsey Clark1677:International Action Center1258:International Action Center772:American Judicature Society704:Selma to Montgomery marches337:University of Texas, Austin8389:

8296:New York (state) Democrats8266:American political writers8057:Martin Luther King Jr. Day7925:Holt Street Baptist Church7895:16th Street Baptist Church6879:Annie Bell Robinson Devine6523:Nashville Student Movement6453:An Appeal for Human Rights4811:

3568:December 22, 2015, at the2713:Brendan (April 28, 2004).2700:September 5, 2008, at the2667:February 15, 2013, at the2161:"Ancestry of Ramsey Clark"2135:"Ramsey Clark (1967–1969)"1928:on the sleeping cities of1871:Regime change in Guatemala1792:The Torturer in the Mirror1557:The Trial of the Chicago 71310:San Francisco Bay Guardian1157:

1135:. In 1999, he traveled to1118:The Torturer in the Mirror1002:Soviet invasion of Hungary639:. He was confirmed by the618:Assistant Attorney General555:United States Marine Corps551:Woodrow Wilson High School450:Assistant Attorney General398:United States Marine Corps8195:

7554:Ruby Doris Smith-Robinson7524:Modjeska Monteith Simkins6588:Women's Political Council6583:Wednesdays in Mississippi6578:United Auto Workers (UAW)6563:Southern Regional Council6533:Northern Student Movement6442:Committee for Freedom Now6349:Memphis sanitation strike6315:Voting Rights Act of 19656058:Savannah Protest Movement5839:Journey of Reconciliation5132:

4961:Secretary of the Interior4843:Secretary of the Treasury4777:

4718:

4282:

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4208:

4200:

4195:

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3497:Obituary: Philip Berrigan3435:(November/December 2003).3257:, November/December 2001.1884:(1961), assassination of1637:. Thunder's Mouth Press.1560:, Clark was portrayed by718:Voting Rights Act of 1965699:under court order (1963);473:Voting Rights Act of 1965424:official. A progressive,411:

218:

171:

121:

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8301:New York (state) lawyers6422:Atlanta Student Movement6371:Civil Rights Act of 19686296:1964–1965 Scripto strike6277:Civil Rights Act of 19646175:1963 Birmingham campaign6068:Civil Rights Act of 19605992:Civil Rights Act of 19574980:Secretary of Agriculture4196:Party political offices4091:Founded by Ramsey Clark.4051:Wohl, Alexander (2013).3734:www.nationalfamilies.org3146:Promoting Enduring Peace2849:"Iraq's Shallow Justice"2822:"Sticking up for Saddam"2439:LBJ Presidential Library1599:. Simon & Schuster.1473:American Indian Movement1111:Durban Review Conference969:in his trial before the952:Operation Infinite Reach722:Civil Rights Act of 1968477:Civil Rights Act of 1968459:, aggressive support of8316:Politicians from Dallas7974:Voter Education Project7728:"We Shall Not Be Moved"7389:Adam Clayton Powell Jr.6824:Josephine Dobbs Clement6250:Chester school protests6245:Twenty-fourth Amendment6207:Detroit Walk to Freedom5949:Tallahassee bus boycott5870:Baton Rouge bus boycott5443:Randall Watson Forsberg3589:(December 1995), p. 30.3110:The Wall Street Journal2314:Federal Judicial Center1834:List of peace activists1568:Personal life and death1483:Elizaphan Ntakirutimana1346:trial of Saddam Hussein1324:, and Attorney General1320:, Secretary of Defense1271:On March 19, 2003, the1125:1992 Gandhi Peace Award1120:(Seven Stories Press).850:Daniel Patrick Moynihan776:Federal Bar Association626:Deputy Attorney General536:William Franklin Ramsey446:Deputy Attorney General8371:Writers from Manhattan8187:Movement photographers7429:Bernice Johnson Reagon7149:Martin Luther King Sr.7144:Martin Luther King Jr.6714:William Holmes Borders6486:Highlander Folk School6376:Poor People's Campaign6229:St. Augustine movement6079:Gomillion v. Lightfoot6002:Katz Drug Store sit-in5973:Royal Ice Cream sit-in5935:Montgomery bus boycott3922:The Hollywood Reporter3054:PTI (March 14, 2021).2227:diversity.uchicago.edu2010:Regime change in Haiti1970:War against Yugoslavia1595:Clark, Ramsey (1970).1529:Civil rights attorney1445:"Political-cult guru"1275:newspaper and website1241:Ramsey Clark (founder)1106:

1097:Ramsey Clark visiting1053:

1018:

1006:

971:Iraqi Special Tribunal883:International activism861:Iranian hostage crisis609:

540:Supreme Court of Texas448:from 1965 to 1967 and8351:United States Marines8022:Civil Rights Memorial7910:Bethel Baptist Church7559:Charles Kenzie Steele7004:Audrey Faye Hendricks6909:Myrlie Evers-Williams6889:Patricia Stephens Due6859:Abraham Lincoln Davis6794:Colia Lafayette Clark6548:Operation Breadbasket6543:National Urban League6290:Katzenbach v. McClung6158:Atlanta's Berlin Wall5811:Civil rights movement5508:Marian Wright Edelman5309:William Sloane Coffin5171:James Russell Wiggins5063:Anthony J. Celebrezze4999:Secretary of Commerce3740:on September 25, 20213407:Dennis J. Bernstein,3287:on December 17, 2005.2968:on September 3, 2007.2796:on September 7, 2008.2622:The Los Angeles Times2567:iranhostagecrisis.net2256:on September 1, 2009.1940:, (1986); Reagan (R).1861:Regime change in Iran1656:. Maisonneuve Press.1428:Mount Carmel compound1409:Alien Tort Claims Act1096:

1051:

750:William Sloane Coffin671:civil rights movement603:

571:University of Chicago532:Supreme Court Justice510:Early life and career404:Yearsof service347:University of Chicago8067:other King memorials8042:Freedom Rides Museum7979:1960s counterculture7930:Edmund Pettus Bridge7609:Walter Francis White7514:Alexander D. Shimkin6028:New Year's Day March5997:Ministers' Manifesto5844:Executive Order 99815100:Robert Coldwell Wood5019:Alexander Trowbridge4874:Secretary of Defense3503:(December 12, 2002).3470:on January 15, 2007.3453:. November 27, 2005.3301:. February 26, 2004.2986:. November 30, 2007.2948:goodworksonearth.org2549:www.ourcampaigns.com2531:www.ourcampaigns.com1901:(1965); Johnson (D).1535:William Duffy Keller1385:Young church worker1262:Workers' World Party975:Christopher Hitchens846:In the 1976 election635:nominated him to be538:, who served on the418:William Ramsey Clark232:William Ramsey Clark8366:Writers from Dallas8281:Lawyers from Dallas7805:Mary McLeod Bethune7766:Sermon on the Mount7733:"We Shall Overcome"7314:William Lewis Moore7094:Frank Minis Johnson7069:Richie Jean Jackson7024:Donald L. Hollowell6829:Charles E. Cobb Jr.6634:Gwendolyn Armstrong6629:William G. Anderson6609:Victoria Gray Adams6573:The Freedom Singers6427:Black Panther Party6212:March on Washington6125:Garner v. Louisiana6086:Boynton v. Virginia4913:Nicholas Katzenbach4149:Nicholas Katzenbach3990:The Washington Post3870:. November 29, 19913760:"Chief behind bars"3635:(January 10, 2005).3598:Sam Howe Verhovek,3363:on January 13, 20092869:, December 30, 20062854:, December 29, 20062684:, November 20, 19962594:The Washington Post1513:Jakob "Jack" Reimer1371:guerrillas in Peru.1286:The Weekly Standard1166:

1141:Belgrade University998:Workers World Party828:, Clark ran as the792:Brooklyn Law School631:In 1967, President628:from 1965 to 1967.452:from 1961 to 1965.146:Nicholas Katzenbach96:Nicholas Katzenbach8122:Michael Eric Dyson8007:In popular culture7890:Fifth Circuit Four7874:Loving v. Virginia7867:Hernandez v. Texas7846:Buchanan v. Warley7838:Separate but equal7832:Plessy v. Ferguson7795:Frederick Douglass7629:Robert F. Williams7539:Kelly Miller Smith7519:Fred Shuttlesworth7444:Frederick D. Reese7424:George Raymond Jr.7414:A. Philip Randolph7394:Fay Bellamy Powell7309:Queen Mother Moore7194:Z. Alexander Looby7139:Coretta Scott King7084:Barbara Rose Johns7064:Jimmie Lee Jackson6989:William E. Harbour6769:Stokely Carmichael6684:Randolph Blackwell6354:King assassination6343:Loving v. Virginia6327:March Against Fear6307:How Long, Not Long6185:Children's Crusade6136:Cambridge movement6073:Ax Handle Saturday6038:Greensboro sit-ins5965:Give Us the Ballot5737:Tom B.K. Goldtooth5251:John Haynes Holmes5247:Maurice Eisendrath5218:Gandhi Peace Award5153:Adlai Stevenson II5036:Secretary of Labor4930:Postmaster General4824:Secretary of State4237:Elizabeth Holtzman4166:Warren Christopher4140:Edwin L. Weisl Jr.3977:The New York Times3954:The New York Times3709:www.thecrimson.com3651:The New York Times3495:Christopher Reed,3389:on January 5, 20093142:"Horrors in Yemen"3060:The Times of India3043:on April 17, 2008.2918:"Balkan scapegoat"2898:. January 19, 20072867:Human Rights Watch2852:Human Rights Watch2738:The New York Times2498:The New York Times2464:The New York Times2415:. October 23, 20142355:The New York Times1962:Aerial attacks on1944:Invasion of Panama1713:— (2002a) .1546:In popular culture1522:Liberian dictator1485:, a leader in the1299:John Marshall Park1189:Political advocacy1107:

1054:

1042:trial of Milošević1038:Slobodan Milošević1031:Raouf Abdul Rahman1022:Human Rights Watch990:Slobodan Milosevic942:'s bombing of the913:Norman Schwarzkopf873:Ayatollah Khomeini852:and Congresswoman778:in 1964–65.765:Hubert H. Humphrey748:and Yale chaplain614:Justice Department610:

530:and then became a514:Clark was born in492:Slobodan Milošević422:federal government214:Edwin L. Weisl Jr.156:Warren Christopher84:Warren Christopher8213:

8212:

7990:Eyes on the Prize7905:A.G. Gaston Motel7900:Kelly Ingram Park7860:Sweatt v. Painter7544:Mary Louise Smith7504:Cleveland Sellers7489:Michael Schwerner7454:Gloria Richardson7234:Thurgood Marshall7154:Bernard Lafayette6884:John Wesley Dobbs6398:

6397:

6117:Birmingham attack6097:Rock Hill sit-ins6048:Sibley Commission6043:Nashville sit-ins5915:Gebhart v. Belton5901:Briggs v. Elliott5894:Bolling v. Sharpe5855:Sweatt v. Painter5777:

5776:

5458:Robert Jay Lifton5239:Edwin T. Dahlberg5235:Eleanor Roosevelt5184:

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5180:

5179:

5161:(1965–1968)5155:(1963–1965)5128:

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5121:(1967–1969)5096:(1966–1968)5077:(1968–1969)5071:(1965–1968)5065:(1963–1965)5046:(1963–1969)5027:(1968–1969)5021:(1967–1968)5015:(1965–1967)5009:(1963–1965)4990:(1963–1969)4971:(1963–1969)4952:(1968–1969)4946:(1965–1968)4940:(1963–1965)4938:John A. Gronouski4921:(1966–1969)4915:(1964–1966)4907:Robert F. Kennedy4890:(1968–1969)4884:(1963–1968)4865:(1968–1969)4859:(1965–1968)4853:(1963–1965)4851:C. Douglas Dillon4834:(1963–1969)4806:(1965–1969)4800:(1963–1965)4772:(1963–1969)4770:Lyndon B. Johnson4729:

4728:

4243:

4242:

4234:Succeededby4186:Succeededby4182:Acting: 1966–19674163:Succeededby4138:Succeededby3894:Los Angeles Times3868:Los Angeles Times3606:(April 19, 1998).3576:(March 17, 1990).3561:Michael Hirsley,3552:(April 15, 1990).3550:Los Angeles Times3533:Los Angeles Times3130:on July 12, 2011.3113:, April 22, 2009.3024:on June 24, 2016.2834:Hollander, Paul.2680:The Wisdom Fund,2460:"Notes on People"2141:. October 4, 20161888:; Eisenhower (R).1880:Regime change in1877:; Eisenhower (R).1867:; Eisenhower (R).1652:— (1992b).1633:— (1992a).1616:Crime and Justice1578:Greenwich Village1537:, calling him an1405:former Yugoslavia1348:, Clark said: "A1318:Richard B. Cheney1245:

1244:

1088:war against Islam1012:wrote of Clark:889:George H. W. Bush660:Thurgood Marshall653:Associate Justice633:Lyndon B. Johnson606:Lyndon B. Johnson438:Lyndon B. Johnson432:under Presidents415:

414:

326:William F. Ramsey242:December 18, 1927191:Lyndon B. Johnson136:Lyndon B. Johnson74:Lyndon B. Johnson8378:

8204:

8203:

8167:Charles M. Payne8152:Steven F. Lawson8142:David Halberstam8112:Clayborne Carson7853:Hocutt v. Wilson7800:W. E. B. Du Bois7649:Sammy Younge Jr.7634:Q. V. Williamson7599:Wyatt Tee Walker7464:Bernice Robinson7409:Lincoln Ragsdale7399:Rodney N. Powell7294:Douglas E. Moore7169:Sanford R. Leigh7104:J. Charles Jones6979:Fannie Lou Hamer6894:Joseph Ellwanger6854:Jonathan Daniels6844:Claudette Colvin6834:Annie Lee Cooper6819:Kathleen Cleaver6814:Eldridge Cleaver6789:Shirley Chisholm6679:Gloria Blackwell6270:workers' murders6217:"I Have a Dream"6112:Anniston bombing6063:Greenville Eight5978:Little Rock Nine5941:Browder v. Gayle5829:

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4201:Precededby4189:John N. Mitchell4183:

4146:Precededby4117:Precededby4109:

4083:Longer biography4066:

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3337:on March 3, 20163333:. Archived from3327:

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3126:. Archived from3120:

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2964:. Archived from2958:

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2924:). April 7, 20062914:

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2798:

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2792:. Archived from2786:

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2466:. May 10, 1973.2456:

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1648:

1629:

1614:— (1974).1610:

1497:Leon Klinghoffer1487:Rwandan genocide1397:Radovan Karadžić1380:Harrisburg Seven1355:victor's justice1208:Washington, D.C.1181:January 20, 20091167:

1065:Jose Maria Sison891:, its officials877:the deposed Shah790:(1969–1972) and738:draft resistance690:school districts567:American history396:

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393:

378:

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363:Military service358:

302:

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258:

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223:Personal details211:

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176:

153:

143:

126:

108:John N. Mitchell104:

92:

65:

59:

35:

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8191:

8172:Thomas E. Ricks8162:Diane McWhorter8147:Vincent Harding8132:Adam Fairclough8099:

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7950:Freedom Schools7809:

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7675:Omaha, Nebraska7663:

7579:Hartman Turnbow7569:Dorothy Tillman7529:Glenn E. Smiley7509:Charles Sherrod7469:Jo Ann Robinson7344:Charles Neblett7334:Elijah Muhammad7299:Harriette Moore7259:Floyd McKissick7244:Franklin McCain7179:Stanley Levison7044:T. R. M. Howard6994:Vincent Harding6924:Walter Fauntroy6809:Xernona Clayton6759:John H. Calhoun6744:Aurelia Browder6734:Stanley Branche6729:Raylawni Branch6709:Joseph E. Boone6694:Ezell Blair Jr.6689:Unita Blackwell6664:Harry Belafonte6604:Ralph Abernathy6592:

6528:Nation of Islam6404:

6394:

6233:

6190:Birmingham riot6131:Albany Movement6053:Atlanta sit-ins6033:Sit-in movement6016:

6012:Biloxi wade-ins5984:Cooper v. Aaron5874:

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5497:

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5159:Arthur Goldberg5139:

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5075:Wilbur J. Cohen5069:John W. Gardner5049:

5030:

4993:

4988:Orville Freeman4974:

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4924:

4893:

4882:Robert McNamara4868:

4857:Henry H. Fowler4837:

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4814:

4809:

4804:Hubert Humphrey4784:

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4062:978-070061916-04050:

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4025:Further reading4022:

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3979:. July 6, 2010.3974:

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3805:

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3792:. June 21, 19993784:

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3766:. July 10, 19993758:

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3427:Josh Saunders,3426:

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3306:

3299:"Impeach Bush?"3297:

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3270:, Nov/Dec 2001.3265:

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3094:on May 1, 2011.3079:

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1337:Notable clients1322:Donald Rumsfeld1277:The Independent1238:

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1133:Leonard Peltier1105:, November 20071078:in India where905:William Webster885:

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