Sylvia Pankhurst - Knowledge (XXH) (2024)

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697:, to discuss the future of the ELFS. Christabel was insistent upon an independent, women-only WPSU, and was incredulous at her sister's unwillingness to attack socialists unpledged to women's suffrage. Pankhurst was equally insistent on supporting popular and labour struggles, and critical of what she considered to the WPSU's social elitism. The sisters agreed that they and their organisations should go their separate ways.33:

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790:, where Christabel's wartime directive had put a halt to a particularly militant campaign, to speak in support of equal pay for women doing war work. It was a demand Pankhurst championed along with universal food rationing, debt relief and improved allowances for soldiers wives. By helping to shift some the costs of the war off the back of women and poor, she believed that these were measures that might hasten its end.1343:

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1905:, is a putrefying corpse". To a large extent you are right, for if people are slaves of economic stress, as so many are everywhere today, they often find themselves unable to exercise the liberty of standing up for their convictions as they would desire, but at least in the non-Fascist countries, most of us are able to do propaganda for our convictions, as you and I do.1435:. Her contribution was to highlight the potential for extending their models of collective decision-making from the workplace into the domestic sphere. What she called Household Soviets would ensure that "mothers and those who are organisers of the family life of the community" are "adequately represented, and may take their due part in the management of society"846:’s "wilful defiance of military authority": his statement that having become "a War of aggression and conquest", the conflict was being "deliberately prolonged by those who have the power to end it". It led to a police raid on the paper's offices. The issue of 6 October 1917 advocating a peace referendum among the troops, was destroyed and the type broken up.1952:. A copy of this letter on MI5's file carries a note in Swinton's hand reading: "I should think a most doubtful source of information." Meanwhile, the authorities took an increasingly grim view of her anti-colonial agitation, heightened from 1935 as she became "the main protagonist of the ‘print activism’" in the cause of6173:– A documentary that chronicles the life and political campaigns of Sylvia Pankhurst and includes an exclusive interview with her son Richard Pankhurst and his wife Rita. The accompanying website includes images of a large number of security files held on Pankhurst, from the collection at the National Archives.462:(WSPU) was founded as an independent women's movement on 10 October 1903 in the family's Nelson Street home in Manchester. Pankhurst's sister Christabel had persuaded a group of ILP women that women had to do the work of emancipation themselves, and that they needed a movement free of party affiliation.435:. While completing an ILP commission to paint murals in a social hall the party had built in Salford, Pankhurst discovered that the hall, named after her father, would not admit women. It was an episode that helped convince her elder sister, Christabel, of the need for women to organise independently.2117:, her mother did not hesitate to tell Haile Selassie that, as a life-long republican, she supported him only because of the cause he represented, and that while she was cautious about involving herself in Ethiopia's domestic politics, she did voice support for trade unions and for universal suffrage.2072:

remained in circulation for 20 years and at its height sold 40,000 copies weekly. This included an extensive circulation throughout West Africa and the West Indies. In 1956, the Governor of Jamaica, Sir Hugh Foot, was informed that Pankhurst's paper was radicalising a "sect" who called themselves the

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The Bolsheviks pose now as the prophets of centralised efficiency, trustification, State control and the discipline of the proletariat in the name of increased production... Russian workers remain wage slaves, and very poor ones, working, not from free will, but under compulsion of economic need, and

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principles, a home visiting centre, and free medical care and advice. Not wishing to be diverted by actions that might be interpreted as charity (and for which wealthy patrons had to be solicited), Pankhurst had misgivings. She feared that "organised relief, even the kindliest and most understanding,

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At the same time, in the East End docks community, the ELFS/WSF sought to offer women practical assistance. They organised "cost-price" canteens, employment in a toy-making cooperative (whose product was in high demand in West-End shops), and (in what had been a pub converted from the Gunmakers’ Arms

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Pankhurst found it difficult to reconcile her artistic vocation with her political activities, eventually deciding that they were incompatible. She said: "Mothers came to me with their wasted little ones. I saw starvation look at me from patient eyes. I knew that I should never return to my art". By

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Pankhurst noted that "the East End was the greatest hom*ogeneous working-class area accessible to the House of Commons by popular demonstrations" and proposed that the "creation of a woman’s movement in that great abyss of poverty would be a call and a rallying cry to the rise of similar movements in

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In January 1911, she was in Chicago. A strike wave, which had begun in 1909 with "the uprising of the 20,000" mostly immigrant, Jewish women workers in the sweatshops of New York, had spread to the city's clothing workers. Union pickets had been beaten and arrested. Two had been shot dead. Pankhurst

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From an early age Pankhurst had an ambition to become a "painter and draughtsman in the service of the great movements for social betterment". She trained at Manchester School of Art (1900–02) and then the Royal College of Art in London (1904–06). As part of her work campaigning for the WSPU, for

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By July 1923 Pankhurst concluded that "the term 'dictatorship of the proletariat' has been used to justify the dictatorship of a party clique of officials over their own party members and over the people at large". Socialism, as interpreted by the Bolsheviks, had been stripped of its emancipatory

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Her biographer Patricia Romero suggests that Pankhurst was overwhelmed by Haile Selassie so that "her republicanism departed from Waterloo station in June 1936, when the emperor’s train rolled in" and she encountered him for the first time. Others explain the devotional relationship, at least in

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Pankhurst had encountered settlement houses in England: as a child she had visited the first of these, Ancoats Brotherhood in Manchester. But in their outreach to women as both domestic and wage workers, in America she saw a potentially potent form of women-led activism. Returning to London with

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Those Suffragists who say that it is the duty of the richer and more fortunate women to win the Vote, and that their poorer sisters need not feel themselves called upon to aid in the struggle appear, in using such arguments, to forget that it is the Vote for which we are fighting. The essential

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In 1906, Sylvia Pankhurst started to work full-time for WSPU, with Christabel and their mother. She devised the WSPU logo and various leaflets, banners, and posters as well as the decoration of its meeting halls. In 1907 she toured industrial towns in England and Scotland, painting portraits of

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When in July 1923 the CWP announced its campaign to build the AWRU, it was with the admission that they had no funds and very few people. It had managed to established just three branches outside London, in Sheffield, Plymouth and Portsmouth. Despite optimism concerning a rise in revolutionary

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Pankhurst undertook two speaking tours in the United States: in the first three months of 1911 and again at the beginning of 1912. Writing letters home, mostly to Keir Hardie, she described herself as having to persuade her largely middle-class hosts that sweated female labour and mother-child

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From Russia... I brought away with me a prevailing memory of beautiful, well-grown children and healthy people. It appears that a happy contentment and buoyant, confident enthusiasm is radiating from the active makers of the revolution and builders of the proletarian state, to wider and wider

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where she announced that she would continue her hunger strike until Asquith agreed to receive a deputation of East London women. Asquith met the deputation of six working mothers. After listening to them pay tribute to the work Pankhurst had done "in arousing the women of the East End to the

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Mitigation was sought in a policy of paying women not less than the minimum wage paid to men in the area and by creating the separate League of Rights for Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Wives and Relatives, in which women who wished to challenge government benefit decisions were encouraged to act

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It was my great joy that we were stimulating working women to speak up for themselves and their sort, and to master, despite their busy lives, the intricacies of Royal warrants and Army regulations, so as to secure the promised allowances, such as they were, for themselves and their

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to promote freedom of speech and to protest repression throughout the European colonial empires. The Women's World Committee was active in support of the International Committee for the Defence of the Ethiopian People, which held its first meeting on 2 September 1935 before the

1790:" which may have been the "result of contacts with fringe elements of that movement". Though she was unable to find a publisher for the work in Britain, Pankhurst continued to involve herself on Indian affairs. She participated in protests against the slow progress of the442:(RCA) in London, but she was incensed to learn that of 16 scholarships awarded by the college each year, 13 were reserved for men, and that, in response to a parliamentary question, Keir Hardie should be told that the authorities "did not contemplate any change".1725:, an editorial written by Pankhurst on the event stated in part that: "Justice can make but one reply to the Irish rebellion and that is the demand that Ireland should be allowed to govern itself". She placed the rising in the context of the limitations of the2280:

which she created designs for a range of banners, jewellery and graphic logos. Her motif of the 'angel of freedom', a trumpeting emblem had wider appeal across the campaign for women's suffrage, appearing on banners, political pamphlets, cups and saucers.

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suggested that "with their industries being destroyed by English capitalists, and with their lives always in danger from the military . . . Irish men and women are compelled to become Communists in word and deed". The paper was open to assertions of

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In September 1921, arguing that there had to be "free expression and circulation of opinion within the Party" and "an independent Communist voice, free to express its mind unhampered by Party discipline", Pankhurst refused to hand over control of the

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part, by reference to her strong anti-imperialist, anti-fascist and anti-racist sympathies: "Pankhurst loved to defend the underdog and she saw in Selassie much more a defeated victim of fascism than a reactionary monarch". According to her son,

369:, and played a role in drafting legislation that gave unmarried women householders a vote in local elections, and married women control over their property and earnings. According to his daughter, he was also distinguished by his support for1781:

resembled the essential features of communism: equality, fraternity and mutuality. She further argued in the work that these structures were corrupted and destroyed by priests, monarchies and successive wave of foreign invaders, citing the

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importance of the vote in their daily lives", and describe their hardships, the Prime Minister reiterated the government's position: votes for women would have to await a general democratic reform of the franchise. That did not occur until

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principle of the vote is that each one of us shall have a share of power to help himself or herself and us all. It is in direct opposition to the idea that some few, who are more favoured, shall help and teach and patronize the others.

836:—WSF members "realised that solidarity between men and women was essential if they were going to win their fight"— and with a new strap-line, "Socialism. Internationalism, Votes for All". It printed, three days in advance of771:. After allowing the initial popular enthusiasm for the war to pass, Pankhurst (who on 8 August decried the "heedless" rush to war of "men-made governments") and the WSF campaigned against conscription and in solidarity with1552:'s 1918 critique of Bolshevik policy, and had herself repeated Luxemburg's charge that in sanctioning the division of the land into small peasant holdings, the Bolsheviks had betrayed the revolution. She had also opened the604:. Back in New York City at the beginning of 1912, Pankhurst observed in laundry workers the same ability to overcome through collective action the racial, ethnic and sexual divisions systematically exploited by employers.869:". The WSF did go on to support other socialist candidates, but claimed to do so merely to "make propaganda ... for "the Soviet system those who make the laws are delegates chosen from amongst the workers themselves".1524:. "Above all" they are the stories of her cellmates – "the young and the old, the homeless and the hungry, mothers, pregnant women and babies born in captivity – ‘dregs from the ancient system’s wheel of waste’".3695:

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working-class women in their working environments. She was later to write that she witnessed "so much distress", that she felt unable to return to her "beloved profession". She became a full-time organiser, with

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that with "the awakening of a revolutionary spirit (caused by the insurrection of 1916) has come an intensive growth of revolutionary thought". In the event, Pankhurst was disappointed by the outcome: the

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2101:, the West Indian pan-Africanist (a Guyanese of Ethiopian descent), but there is no indication that she was engaged with the new spiritual movement in Jamaica. Such, nonetheless, was her seeming1675:

Save the Mothers: A plea for measures to prevent the annual loss of about 3000 child-bearing mothers and 20,000 infant lives in England and Wales and a similar grievous wastage in other countries

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2252:. As she refused to marry the child's father, her mother broke ties with her and did not speak to her again. Richard became a leading student of Ethiopian history and the first director of the6597:

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Purvis, June (1996). "A 'pair of ... infernal queens'? A reassessment of the dominant representations of Emmeline and Christabel Pankhurst, first-wave feminists in Edwardian Britain".

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2077:". At the same time, he was cautioned that she could be relied upon to "react violently to any suggestion that her paper should not be made available to all and sundry". In some814:

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Committee. Later, in the 1930s, she became a vice-president of the League for the Boycott of Aggressor Nations and the Anti-Nazi Council which sought trade embargoes against

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forces from Italian occupation, and criticised what she perceived as British ambitions to take over the region. In another visit which lasted from 1950 to 1951, she visited

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itself ceased publication. This was not before raising the alarm at the triumph fascism in Italy, condemning the then-Communist condoned white labourism in South Africa's

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By March 1919, Pankhurst was insisting that the choice was clear: socialists had to build "an industrial republic on Soviet lines," and abandon the Parliamentary system.

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Pankhurst objected in principle to entering into a marriage and to taking a husband's name. Near the end of the First World War, she began living with Italian anarchist

1458:. There Lenin personally persuaded her that her objections were less important than unity, and that it would be possible for her to maintain a platform within the CPGB.747:

who had left the WSPU in 1906, and had also spoken on behalf of the Dublin workers at the Albert Hall. The ELFS supported labour struggles and organised rent strikes.

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In 1956, encouraged by Haile Selassie to aid with women's development, Pankhurst and her son Richard moved into an imperial guest house in the Ethiopian capital to

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Before being followed back to England by Emerson, in April 1912 Pankhurst joined the funeral procession in New York City for the 146 garment workers killed in the

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Pankhurst, Richard. "Institute of Ethiopian Studies." In Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: He-N: Vol. 3, edited by Siegbert Uhlig, 168-69. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2007.

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Having already in her Open Letter to Lenin (1922) identified Fascism as a gathering threat in Europe, Pankhurst acted in support of Italian exiles (her partner

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532:, she would be released for short periods to recuperate from hunger striking. Supporters would carry her back to her home and offices in Old Ford Street,6329:

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521:'s visit to the Irish capital. They had thrown a hatchet, to which a suffrage message was attached, into the carriage in which he was travelling with5693:

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among them). She was a founding member of the anti-fascist Friends of Italian Freedom, the Italian Information Bureau and the Women's International

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In the first edition of the paper (8 March 1914), Pankhurst's editorial defended their insistence on building a working-class suffragette campaign:

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Save the Mothers: A plea for measures to prevent the annual loss of about 3000 child-bearing mothers and 20,000 infant lives in England and Wales.

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1917:, concurring with him on the need for a more resolute foreign policy, but was unable to persuade him of the need for immediate action against the1597:

lines, with recallable delegates elected, in rising succession, from workshops, factories, districts, and regions to national councils. With this

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2191:, London. She is also the subject of a mural, completed 2018 by Jerome Davenport, on the gable-end of the Lord Morpeth pub on Old Ford Road in1996:

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in Russia. Pankhurst said she considered a hunger strike but was afraid the weapon was no longer available as the government had just allowed

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visited strikers in their police cells, and observed that their conditions were as bad anything suffragettes had been subject to in Britain.

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1737:" why rebellion breaks out in Ireland and we share the sorrow of those who are weeping today for the rebels whom the government has shot."1366:

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6100:, a comprehensive information resource about Sylvia Pankhurst from Hornbeam Publishing Limited, sponsored by the UK Heritage Lottery Fund528:

Between February 1913 and August 1914, Sylvia was arrested eight times for protest actions in London. After the passing of the so-called

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While Corio ran a tearoom, Pankhurst researched and wrote an eclectic series of books: an anti-colonial historical-cultural treatise.

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could form the "guiding and co-ordinating machinery" for a socialist transformation, Pankhurst refused an invitation to stand for the

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Sylvia Pankhurst: Counsel for Ethiopia: a Biographical Essay on Ethiopian, Anti-fascist and Anti-colonialist History, 1934-1960

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Sylvia Pankhurst: Counsel for Ethiopia: a Biographical Essay on Ethiopian, Anti-fascist and Anti-colonialist History, 1934-1960

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as the Old. She related her experience of going into factories, workshops, workhouses and prisons, of observing the application of

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official commented that "we agree with you... that this horrible old harridan should be choked to death with her own pamphlets".

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This "struck a strong chord with many women socialists of an earlier generation who had serious reservations about the WSPU".

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might introduce some savour of patronage or condescension, and mar our affectionate comradeship, in which we were all equals

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Application for naturalisation of Mrs Margarethe Morgenstern and her husband Erwin, including written plea from Pankhurst

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663:. Although it was to remain a women's—and women-led—emancipatory movement, it was opened to trade unionists and to men.176:

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3379:'East Side Londoners': Sylvia Pankhurst's lecture tours of North America and the East London Federation of Suffragettes6567:

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were the principal contributors, with Smyth illustrating the paper with her photographs of domestic East End poverty.

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Carle, Emmanuelle (2004), " Women, Antifascism and Peace in Interwar France: Gabrielle Duchêne’s Itinerary ",

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4153:"1917-1945: Anti-Parliamentary Communism: The movement for workers councils in Britain - Mark Shipway | libcom.org"2778:

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profiled the WSF, advised Pankhurst that, tactically, the blanket rejection of parliamentarianism is a "mistake".

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in 2013–14. Information about the exhibition, together with photographs of the artwork itself, is part of the

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organized the World Assembly of Women, and chaired its World Committee of Women against War and Fascism (CMF:

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1589:, that Communism can be achieved only by workers "acting where they stand in the process of production", the5566:

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Encyclopedia of British and Irish Political Organizations: Parties, Groups and Movements of the 20th Century

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Connelly, Katherine (2021). "'East Side Londoners'". In Hughes-Johnson, Alexandra; Jenkins, Lyndsey (eds.).

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is an Ethiopian scholar and social development consultant in Addis Ababa, and has been a contributor to the

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In 2004, the release of previously classified government files revealed that throughout the 1930s and 1940s

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Winslow, Barbara (2009). "The First White Rastafarian: Sylvia Pankhurst, Haile Selassie, and Ethiopia." In

4488:"Communism vs. reforms, mistakes of the Communist Party of Ireland - Workers Dreadnought 1922 | libcom.org"5843:

4828:. 4th Interlinguistic Symposium / 4. Sympozjum Interlingwistyczne / 4-a Interlingvistika Simpozio. Poznan.2257:

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on its provisional council), that gained Moscow's approval. In July, Pankhurst had smuggled herself into

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at which Haile Selassie named her "an honorary Ethiopian". She is the only foreigner buried in front of

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Anti-Parliamentary Communism: The Movement for Workers Councils in Britain, Class War on the Home Front

6154: (archived 27 October 2009), two articles by Pankhurst and Anton Pannekoek, first published in the2477:

Eritrea on the Eve: The Past and Future of Italy's "First-Born" Colony, Ethiopia's Ancient Sea Province

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1912, she had all but abandoned her artistic career in order to concentrate on her political activism.

2195:, London. It is next door to the house in which she lived between 1914 and 1924 while working with the552:, with votes extended to married, property owning women over thirty. Full voting equality took another6278:

4731:"In the Nest of Extreme Radicalism: Radical Networks and the Bolshevization of Claude McKay in London"4631:

1486:'s Glasgow Communist Group agreed to merge with the Communist Party of Great Britain in January 1921.6507:

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4658:"A "Labour War" in South Africa: the 1922 Rand Revolution in Sylvia Pankhurst's Workers' Dreadnought"4487:

3382:. Local, National and International Dimensions. University of London Press. pp.(263–284), 268.3272:

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had begun to "desert communism" and, by default, were opening Europe to path taken in Italy by the

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who first armed". She claimed that the rebels were animated by "high ideals", and stated that the

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by E. Sylvia Pankhurst and I. O. Stefanovici. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & co., Ltd.

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to support her arguments. The work has been described as a "'romantic Communist’ contribution to

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in 1922; first published as a pamphlet in 1974 by Workers Voice, a Liverpudlian Communist group.

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in Dublin in solidarity with two English WPSU militants who had violently sought to disrupt the

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On her return, Pankhurst was sufficiently enthused to offer a paean to the new Soviet society:

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4089:"S. Sassoon,Open Letter, published in The Times newspaper, 31 July 1917 | THE ENGLISH CORNER"3766:

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as "a sad, humiliating compromise of the stand for a completely independent Irish Republic".

342:

Estelle Sylvia Pankhurst (she later dropped her first forename) was born at Drayton Terrace,

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Pankhurst's name and picture (and those of 58 other women's suffrage supporters) are on the

2020:

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Anti-parliamentary communism: the movement for workers' councils in Britain, 1917-45

3566:

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Poems of Mihai Eminescu, translated from the Rumanian and rendered into the original metre

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1893:) suggest that her alarm at the advance fascism moderated a once doctrinaire dismissal of1846:

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programme, in February 1922 they formed themselves as the Communist Workers' Party (CWP).

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to enter into a wartime political truce with the government, caused her to break with the

215:

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5694:"Millicent Fawcett statue unveiling: the women and men whose names will be on the plinth"5028:

Colonial Metropolis: The Urban Grounds of Anti-Imperialism and Feminism in Interwar Paris

4843:"Introduction to Women, Suffrage and Politics: The Papers of Sylvia Pankhurst, 1882-1960"3871:

The Battle of Bexley Square: Salford Unemployed Workers' Demonstration - 1st October 1931

2415:

2305:

1948:, and enclosed lists of active Fascists still at large and of anti-Fascists who had been6126:

5222:"Excerpt: George Brown and Firestone's Liberian Empire of Rubber | History News Network"1928:

had monitored Ms Pankhurst’s movements and intercepted her letters and telephone calls.

1493:

and sentenced to six months for calling on dockers not to load arms for shipment to the

32:

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5619:"Fifty Years Since the Death of Sylvia Pankhurst, Ethiopians Pay Tribute – Owen Abroad"5479:"Refashioning the Ethiopian Monarchy in the Twentieth Century: An Intellectual History"5417:

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821:. Her sister Christabel, meanwhile, seconded British diplomatic efforts, travelling to672:

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and had attempted to set fire to the theatre in which the Prime Minister was to speak.

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6185:, radcliffe.Harvard.edu (Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University)5644:"Historic statue of suffragist leader Millicent Fawcett unveiled in Parliament Square"4300:

3896:"'An articulate and definite cry for political freedom': the ulster suffrage movement"3331:

A suffragette in America: reflections on prisoners, pickets and political change

1829:). Pankhurst was among the non-Communist British sponsors of the Committee along with1593:

group called for an "All-Workers Revolutionary Union" (AWRU). This was to organise on

1342:

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Three pamphlets detailing the work of Sylvia Pankhurst as an anti-Bolshevik Communist

5510:

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5173:"The intellectual as partisan: Sylvia Pankhurst and the Italian invasion of Ethiopia"5055:

From Pacifist to Anti-Fascist? Sylvia Pankhurst and the Fight against War and Fascism

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Anti-Parliamentary Communism: The Movement for Workers' Councils in Britain, 1917–45

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all parts of the country". In this spirit, in November 1913, Pankhurst spoke at the

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5878:"It was like time travel. It reminds you just how courageous the suffragettes were"5671:

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4178:"Workers' Socialist Federation statement on 1918 General Election | Janine Booth"4110:

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A Suffragette in America: Reflections on Prisoners, Pickets and Political Change

2460:

The Life of Emmeline Pankhurst. The suffragette struggle for women's citizenship

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activist and writer. Following encounters with women-led labour activism in the

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The Road to Greenham Common: Feminism and Anti-militarism in Britain Since 1820

3819:"Our Fight to Save the Kiddies in Dublin: Smouldering Fires of the Inquisition"3397:

3377:

3129:"Writing and Re-Writing Suffrage History: Sylvia Pankhurst's 'The Suffragette'"2953:

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was regarded by British colonial authorities as a factor in the development of

4203:

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Revue Française de Civilisation Britannique. French Journal of British Studies

3912:

3895:

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Revue Française de Civilisation Britannique. French Journal of British Studies

3647:"Pankhurst sisters: the bitter divisions behind their fight for women's votes"2902:

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1984:

1949:

1902:

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1277:

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From the East London Federation of Suffragettes, in 1914 Pankhurst formed the

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London: Worker's Dreadnought Publications. Reissued 2021 by Smokestack Books.

1489:

In the interim, in October 1920, she had been arrested in the offices of the

6164:, "Anti-Parliamentarism and Communism in Britain, 1917–1921" by R.F. Jones,6109:

3725:

2179:, Westminster, London. There is a two-dimensional silhouette constructed of2074:

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Pankhurst retained the confidence of some WSPU veterans. She was invited by

736:

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536:, where, when the police came to re-arrest her, street battles would ensue.475:

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327:

232:

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The New Civilisation. Assessments of the Soviety Union in Britain 1929-1941

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2007:), it provided an outlet for anti-colonialist writers elsewhere in Africa.487:

and, in 1911, she published a propagandist history of the WSPU's campaign,

5855:

5541:

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5198:

5139:"Communists and Suspected Communists: Sylvia Pankhurst file ref KV 2/1570"5117:

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That same month, in New York City, she met the pioneer socialist feminist

6202:

5106:"Suffragette Sylvia Pankhurst feared her telephone would be 'wiretapped'"4915:

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1403:. In preparation for the meeting, Pankhurst published a manifesto in the620:

Emerson, it was an example she sought to replicate in London's East End.

276:

228:

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4552:"The British Anarchist Movement and the Russian Revolution | libcom.org"4245:"A constitution for British soviets. Points for a communist programme".3567:"The Men Who Said No, Conscientious Objectors 1915-19: Sylvia Pankhurst"3510:"A British Suffragette in America: an Interview with Catherine Connelly"3447:"Sylvia Pankhurst the East London Suffragettes and the Chicago Strikers"1399:

In June 1920, the WSF co-hosted the inaugural meeting conference of the

1330:

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in Addis Ababa, in a section reserved for patriots of the Italian war.

2031:

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to rally support for the country's continued participation in the war.

787:

331:

295:

3973:"Sylvia Pankhurst, the First World War and the struggle for democracy"3726:"Sylvia Pankhurst, the First World War and the struggle for democracy"2450:

The Home Front: A Mirror to Life in England During the First World War

2307:

The Suffragette: The History of the Women's Militant Suffrage Movement

489:

The Suffragette: The History of the Women's Militant Suffrage Movement

6213:

4088:

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3972:

3742:

2220:, it seek to tell her story to "younger and more diverse audiences".2168:

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The Suffragette Movement - An Intimate Account of Persons and Ideals

4823:

3190:

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The Suffragette Movement – An Intimate Account of Persons and Ideals

2484:

Ethiopia and Eritrea: The Last Phase of the Reunion Struggle 1941–52

2441:

The Suffragette Movement: An Intimate Account of Persons and Ideals.

2334:

A constitution for British soviets. Points for a communist programme

1777:

in 1926, Pankhurst claimed that the social and family structures in

1540:

In an "Open Letter to Lenin" in November, Pankhurst warned that the

355:

3273:"The National Archives - The working women's struggle for the vote"2313:

1913: "Forcibly Fed: The Story of My Four Weeks in Holloway Gaol",

2216:, a hip hop musical about Pankhurst. Directed and choreographed by2109:

that she has since been proposed as the "first white Rastafarian".

1618:, and employing its first black correspondent, the Jamaican writer1192:

Hunan Provincial Proletarian Revolutionary Great Alliance Committee

310:, she spent her remaining years as a guest of the restored emperor2811:

Burton, S "Relatively Famous: Richard Pankhurst, The Red Doctor",

2143:

2026:

Pankhurst visited Ethiopia in 1944 after it had been liberated by

1700:

754:

690:

449:

6097:

5594:

Golden Legends: Images of Abyssinia, Samuel Johnson to Bob Marley

5567:"Corio, Silvio (1875-1954) aka Crastinus, Qualunque | libcom.org"4995:

Barberis, Peter; McHugh, John; Tyldesley, Mike (1 January 2000).

4705:"Radical London & The Workers Dreadnought in the early 1920s"3179:"Conflicting Interests: The British and Irish Suffrage Movements"2054:

In opposition to the British authorities, she supported Eritrea,

1818:

in Woodford Green, London as "a protest against war in the air".

832:

The 28 July 1917 edition of her paper appeared under a new title

659:, Pankhurst renamed the East London Federation of the WPSU, the5618:

1995:. As well as reporting Italian atrocities in Ethiopia (and from6217:

5988:

5438:

At Home and Abroad in the Empire: British Women Write the 1930s

2862:"Susan Pedersen · Worth the Upbringing: Thirsting for the Vote"1901:

You have said that "liberty, as understood by the upholders of

1474:

Pankhurst called a conference, inviting representatives of the

499:

as part of their campaign to press for voting rights under the

4514:"The Workers' Opposition. Introduction by Workers Dreadnought"2709:

Sylvia Pankhurst. Suffragette, Socialist and Scourge of Empire

1937:

1925:

849:

In May 1918, the WSF, in line with the paper, was renamed the

767:

on 4 August 1914 found Pankhurst in Dublin investigating the

2248:, England, 1927, at the age of 45, she gave birth to a son,539:

In June 1914, supporters carried her to the entrance to the

5793:"Musical About Sylvia Pankhurst To Premiere at The Old Vic"4042:. Peterborough, England: The Cresset Library. p.132.2563:

Sylvia Pankhurst: Artist and Crusader, An Intimate Portrait

1940:

monitored Pankhurst's correspondence. In 1940 she wrote to

5767:"Mural of Sylvia Pankhurst on the Lord Morpeth pub in Bow"4958:, 2004, vol. 18, 3, pp. 291-314 (Oxford University Press).3103:

The Women's Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide 1866-1928

503:, and were met with violence, some of it sexual, from the431:. In 1903, Pankhurst went on to train as an artist at the4825:

Sylvia Pankhurst and the International Auxiliary Language

4470:

first appeared in the paper of the revolutionary marxist

3473:

Sylvia Pankhurst - Sexual politics and political activism

1827:

Comité mondial des femmes contre la guerre et le fascisme

1629:

campaign against the French employment of black colonial

1577:

kept in their subordinate position by ... State coercion.

639:

In a first show of independence, and with the support of

560:

Encounters women-led labour activism in the United States

454:

Sylvia Pankhurst carried by supporters, London, June 1914

384:

from both Britain and abroad. These included the Russian

5989:"Sylvia Pankhurst: The Suffragette as a Militant Artist"3329:

Pankhurst, E. Sylvia (2019). Connelly, Katherine (ed.).

2695:

Sylvia Pankhurst: Sexual Politics and Political Activism

2579:(Hollywood, CA: Tsehai, 2003) London: Global Publishing2089:

contributed pieces, the paper had, indeed, been banned.

481:

Pankhurst contributed articles to the WSPU's newspaper,

5667:"First statue of a woman in Parliament Square unveiled"3158:(Kindleed.). London: Warton Press. p.6656.2183:

representing Pankhurst as a campaigning suffragette in

1983:) organised a public protest in support of Ethiopia at408:

In 1893, Pankhurst's parents joined the Scottish miner

365:

Dr Pankhurst had been a founding member in 1872 of the

708:, Pankhurst started a WSF paper. Provisionally titled3696:

Date: 8 March 1914 (1) Newspaper: Woman's Dreadnought

2363:

Writ on Cold Slate. Prison Poems by Sylvia Pankhurst.

2128:'s first teaching hospital, and wrote extensively on1605:

sentiment, by the end of 1923 the CWP had dissolved.

5818:"Corio, Silvio (1875-1954) aka Crastinus, Qualunque"4579:

Class Struggle and Women's Liberation, 1640 to Today

4374:

Writ on Cold Slate. Prison Poems by Sylvia Pankhurst

3767:"14. The Workers' Socialist Federation | libcom.org"2683:(New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1987)2210:

announced for 25 January 2023 the world premiere of

1478:, the CPGB, the Scottish Worker's Committee and the853:. Reflecting her growing belief, in the wake of the495:

18 November 1910, in which 300 women marched to the

6583:

People educated at Manchester High School for Girls

6447:

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6341:

6312:

6286:

6251:

3869:Herbert, Michael; Frow, Edmund; Frow, Ruth (1994).3302:"Sylvia Pankhurst and Democracy | Workers' Liberty"2507:, ed. by Kathryn Dodd, Manchester University Press.196:

182:

172:

154:

132:

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110:

96:

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48:

23:

6106:, spartacus-educational.com; accessed 4 April 20145526:"Review of Sylvia Pankhurst: Counsel for Ethiopia"4336:, Workers Dreadnought Publications, London, p. 1704208:. Peking: Foreign Languages Press. pp.77–78.3620:Pankhurst, E. Sylvia (1993). Dodd, Kathryn (ed.).3475:. University of California Press. pp.19–20.2283:An exhibition of her artistic works took place at2240:and Pankhurst Green opposite London Underground's1853:. In 1935 the Committee pooled resources with the145:Women's International League for Peace and Freedom3793:"Turbulent Londoners: Dora Montefiore, 1851-1933"3712:An Intimate Distance: Women, Artists and the Body3064:The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in World History2884:

2882:

2667:The Pankhursts: The History of One Radical Family607:In Chicago, Pankhurst had been in the company of6117:"Archival material relating to Sylvia Pankhurst"4898:E. Sylvia Pankhurst: portrait of a radical1689:(1935), who, since the birth of Pankhurst's son1671:Delphos, or the future of International Language1652:, Essex (now in the London Borough of Redbridge)239:, she worked to organise working-class women in227:(5 May 1882 – 27 September 1960) was an English3066:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p.409.2479:. Woodford Green: New Times and Ethiopia Books.2417:Delphos or the Future of International Language2124:(Corio had died in 1954). She raised funds for1991:commenced in October, she began publication of1648:, Pankhurst retired to a cottage in then rural16:English activist, writer and artist (1882–1960)5914:"Alula Pankhurst, Author at Ethiopia Observer"2514:, Ed. Katherine Connelly. London: Pluto Press.2420:, London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co2050:, criticising the policy in a pamphlet titled1889:(who professed to be unmoved by the murder of1677:(1930); her largely autobiographical accounts,1622:. With McKay, Pankhurst shared outrage at the765:United Kingdom declaration of war upon Germany412:, a family friend, as founding members of the6229:

5422:The Oxford Companion to Black British History3008:Sylvia Pankhurst: From Artist to Anti-Fascist2591:Sylvia Pankhurst. From Artist to Anti-Fascist2236:, where she lived for over 30 years— a1564:promise. In one of her last contributions to1520:, Pankhurst wrote poems published in 1922 as1367:

689:, Pankhurst visited her sister Christabel in8:

6598:Members of the Workers' Socialist Federation6573:Alumni of Manchester Metropolitan University5993:Sheffield Hallam University Research Archive4112:Sylvia Pankhurst: A Life in Radical Politics4065:Sylvia Pankhurst: A Life in Radical Politics3624:. Manchester University Press. p.182.3050:Unshackled: The Story of How We Won the Vote3010:. London: Palgrave Macmillan. pp.1–13.2948:(onlineed.). Oxford University Press.2619:Sylvia Pankhurst, The Rebellious Suffragette2605:Sylvia Pankhurst, A Crusading Life 1882–19602498:: E. Sylvia Pankhurst: Portrait of a Radical2472:Digitized 2006 by the Philosophical Library.1685:(1932);and a biography of her mother,794:to the Mothers ’ Arms) childcare offered on743:, supported the ELFS from its start; as did438:In 1904, Pankhurst won a scholarship to the290:; for anti-colonial struggle throughout the4872:"Sylvia Pankhurst and the Irish revolution"3873:. Salford: Working Class Movement Library.3593:"Sylvia Pankhurst and the Irish Revolution"2942:"Pankhurst, (Estelle) Sylvia (1882–1960)".1717:did not take a consistent line on the 19166414:Christabel Pankhurst (daughter, associate)6325:Emmeline and Christabel Pankhurst Memorial6236:

6222:

6214:

6125:

6027:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (5716:"Laser Cutting Services CNC Laser Cutting"5530:International Journal of Ethiopian Studies5453:E. Sylvia Pankhurst: Portrait of a Radical5246:Cos Tafari, Stella Headley (1 July 2014).5058:. MA Thesis, University of North Carolina.5031:. U of Nebraska Press. pp.246, 161.4974:. Syracuse University Press. p.157.4205:Left-Wing Communism, an Infantile Disorder3361:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (2681:E. Sylvia Pankhurst. Portrait of a Radical2358:London: Worker's Dreadnought Publications.2329:London: Worker's Dreadnought Publications.2097:Pankhurst did have political contact with1944:, then chairing a committee investigating1585:(AAUD), and on the principle, advanced by1393:Left-Wing Communism: An Infantile Disorder1374:

1360:

881:

719:Nora Smyth (who helped pay the bills) and677:Irish Transport and General Workers' Union31:

20:

6137:International Institute of Social History5741:"Creative Connections – Sylvia Pankhurst"5597:. Stanford University Press. p.87.5188:

3988:

3911:

3741:

3006:Bullock, Ian; Pankhurst, Richard (1992).2052:Why are we destroying the Eritrean ports?1961:Women's Committee against War and Fascism1581:Stirred by the example in Germany of the675:, in support of the men and women of the6179:, nrs.Harvard.edu; accessed 4 April 20146171:Sylvia Pankhurst: Everything is Possible5424:, Oxford University Press, 2007, p. 283.3100:Crawford, Elizabeth (2 September 2003).2589:Ian Bullock and Richard Pankhurst (eds)1963:, Pankhurst together with George Brown (5561:

5559:

5432:

5430:

4422:Pankhurst, Sylvia (17 September 1921).3843:Moriarty, Therese (11 September 2013).3724:Connelly, Katherine (15 January 2015).3300:Carlyle, Susan; Matgamma, Sean (2001).3271:Archives, The National (19 June 2014).2945:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography2804:

2011:, for whom it was no accident that the1709:against British policies in India, 19321482:. All the groups at the conference bar1161:Anti-Parliamentary Communist Federation893:

693:, where she was taking refuge from the314:. The international circulation of her286:Pankhurst was vocal in her support for149:World Committee Against War and Fascism6472:Suffragette bombing and arson campaign6460:Women's suffrage in the United Kingdom6419:Sylvia Pankhurst (daughter, associate)6409:Richard Pankhurst (husband, associate)6046:. London: Eiderdown Books. p.5.6020:

5958:. London: Eiderdown Books. p.1.5876:Moorhead, Joanna (12 September 2015).5456:. Yale University Press. p.227.5270:

5268:

5166:

5164:

5025:Boittin, Jennifer Anne (1 June 2010).5020:

5018:

4865:

4863:

4776:Redbridge Museum and Heritage Centre.4262:

4260:

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3615:

3613:

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2787:Women's suffrage in the United Kingdom2697:(New York: St. Martin's Press, 1996);2633:Sylvia Pankhurst, Citizen of the World2577:Sylvia Pankhurst: Counsel for Ethiopia2156:in 1960, aged 78, and received a full2062:becoming part of Ethiopia. In 1947, a2015:first broke out in an African colony (1814:. In 1935, Pankhurst commissioned the759:WSF toy factory, London East End, 1915661:East London Federation of Suffragettes565:poverty were as much a feature of the243:. This, together with her refusal in141:East London Federation of Suffragettes6439:Helen Pankhurst (great-granddaughter)6424:Adela Pankhurst (daughter, associate)6373:Suffrajitsu: Mrs. Pankhurst's Amazons5277:"Sylvia Pankhurst's Ethiopian legacy"5248:"Focus: When Britain Loved RasTafari"5171:Srivastava, Neelam (2 October 2021).4837:

4835:

4800:

4798:

4441:Pankhurst, Sylvia (4 November 1922).4146:

4144:

4142:

4140:

4138:

4136:

4134:

4132:

4012:Forrest, Natasha (16 February 2019).3560:

3558:

3324:

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2975:

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2935:

2454:Reissued 1987 by The Cresset Library.2444:Reissued 1984 by Chatto & Windus.2244:commemorate her ties to the area. In1729:, and argued that " knows it was the1693:in 1927, had broken off all contact.1454:to attend the Second Congress of the804:collectively. Pankhurst later wrote:491:. It included her witness account of367:National Society for Women's Suffrage251:leadership of her mother and sister,7:

6404:Mary Jane Clarke (sister, associate)5665:Topping, Alexandra (24 April 2018).5420:, John Gilmore, Cecily Jones (eds),5339:"Soul Rebel: Sylvia Pankhurst"4900:. New Haven: Yale University Press.4811:. Bombay: Sunshine Publishing House.4014:"Sylvia Pankhurst's WWI Toy Factory"3471:Winslow, Barbara; Rowbotham (1996).2855:

2853:

2851:

2849:

2847:

2768:List of suffragists and suffragettes2737:Sylvia Pankhurst. Natural Born Rebel2019:), also wrote for the paper, as did1798:'s use of aerial bombing during the815:International Women's Peace Congress592:. A year later, Flynn was to be the298:solidarity in Europe. Following its6112:, libcom.org; accessed 4 April 20143591:Bell, Geoffrey (28 December 2015).2739:(Francis Boutle Publishers, 2020);1423:of the Dutch revolutionary Marxist1198:International Socialists of Germany1181:Communist Workers' Party of Germany627:. Speaking beside labour organiser6618:Women's Social and Political Union6608:British anti–World War I activists6482:Historiography of the Suffragettes6320:Pankhurst Centre (home and museum)6264:Women's Social and Political Union4805:Pankhurst, Estelle Sylvia (1926).4301:Dorothy Frances (Dora) (1851–1933)2411:Bombay: Sunshine Publishing House.1897:. To Shaw she wrote (9 July 1935):1419:, it embraced ideas closer to the712:, the newspaper first appeared as588:, together with a twenty-year-old510:In 1912, Pankhurst led a march on460:Women's Social and Political Union302:, she was devoted to the cause of137:Women's Social and Political Union14:

6553:Ethiopia–United Kingdom relations5075:. Tsehai Publishers. p.31.4822:Aray, Başak (22 September 2017).3699:www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk3028:. London: Routledge. p.67.2635:(Hornbeam Publishing Ltd, 2009),2486:. Woodford Green: Lalibela House.2260:. His son, Pankhurst's grandson,1697:Anti-imperialism and anti-fascism813:In 1915, Pankhurst supported the376:The family home, for a period in6628:British political party founders6434:Alula Pankhurst (great-grandson)6277:

6206:

5987:Reeve, Hester (September 2013).5095:Pankhurst, R. (2003), pp. 39-43.5052:Huckestein, Erika Maria (2014).3645:Purvis, June (5 February 2018).3135:. Vol.56. pp.11–18.2860:Pedersen, Susan (4 March 2021).2621:(Golden Guides Press Ltd, 2012)2500:, London: Yale University Press.1885:'s Germany. Correspondence with1851:National Union of Women Teachers1664:international auxiliary language1440:Communist Party of Great Britain1341:

1329:

1317:

1176:Communist Workers' International1144:Internationalist Communist Party901:

751:War-time organiser and dissident685:In January 1914, accompanied by625:Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire474:, helping establish the WSPU in429:Manchester High School for Girls6133:Estelle Sylvia Pankhurst papers5791:Heyes, Katie (8 October 2022).5765:inspiringcity (14 March 2018).5275:Jeffrey, James (18 June 2016).4540:, 22 April 22 – 29 August 1921.4219:Lenin, V. I. (28 August 1919).3894:Urquhart, Diane (1 June 2002).3791:Awco*ck, Hannah (19 July 2018).3026:Emmeline Pankhurst: A Biography2650:Sylvia and Christabel Pankhurst2543:The New Times and Ethiopia News2493:Woodford Green: Lalibela House.2070:The New Times and Ethiopia News2036:British military administration1993:The New Times and Ethiopia News1959:In July 1935, representing the1537:to the CPGB, and was expelled.1134:International Communist Current1129:Communist Workers' Organisation598:Industrial Workers of the World320:The New Times and Ethiopia News5001:. A&C Black. p.476.4808:India and the Earthly Paradise4603:Shipway, Mark (27 July 2016).3048:Pankhurst, Christabel (1959).2980:Mulhallen, Jacqueline (2021).2482:1953: with Richard Pankhurst,2407:India and the Earthly Paradise2254:Institute of Ethiopian Studies2093:Friendship with Haile Selassie1866:was launched in October 1935.1771:India and the Earthly Paradise1687:The Life of Emmeline Pankhurst1660:India and the Earthly Paradise1641:With her partner, the Italian1203:League for Proletarian Culture680:locked-out by Dublin employers414:Independent Labour Party (ILP)279:party line and criticised the1:

6603:British emigrants to Ethiopia5495:10.1080/23801883.2020.17962375190:10.1080/13688790.2021.19852354747:10.1080/14775700.2017.15516044674:10.1080/0023656X.2016.11406214353:. 29 October 1920. p.173220:Woman and her Sphere (2014).2491:Ethiopia: A Cultural History.1859:Union des Travailleurs Nègres1821:In 1934, the French feminist1248:Workers' Socialist Federation1223:Revolutionary Workers Ferment1218:Revolutionary Socialist Party1139:International Communist Party865:constituency in the December851:Workers' Socialist Federation163:Workers' Socialist Federation38:

6429:Richard Pankhurst (grandson)5450:Romero, Patricia W. (1987).4896:Romero, Patricia W. (1987).4735:Comparative American Studies4632:"Letter to Sylvia Pankhurst"4267:Shipway, Mark A. S. (1988).4221:"Letter to Sylvia Pankhurst"4109:Davis, Mary (20 July 1999).3971:Connelly, Katherine (2015).3944:"1910s – A Century Of Women"3445:Connelly, Catherine (2020).3106:. Routledge. pp.281–.2962:UK public library membership2134:Ethiopia: A Cultural History1919:Italian invasion of Ethiopia1864:Italian invasion of Ethiopia954:Proletarian internationalism741:Social Democratic Federation702:Workers' Suffrage Federation6613:English socialist feminists6528:British political activists6333:(Emmeline Pankhurst statue)6205:(public domain audiobooks)5844:"Milestones: Apr. 16, 1928"5483:Global Intellectual History5310:Pankhurst, Richard (2003).5069:Pankhurst, Richard (2003).4630:Pannekoek's, Anton (1922).4474:, Berlin, in September 19184038:Sylvia, Pankhurst (1987) .3845:"Saving kids, saving souls"3701:, accessed 29 February 20203052:. London: Hutchison, p. 43.2815:, February 2007, 8:2, p. 222505:: A Sylvia Pankhurst Reader2381:"Communism and its Tactics"2345:"Soviet Russia as I saw it"2310:, London: Gay & Hanco*ck2289:Sheffield Hallam University2173:statue of Millicent Fawcett2085:from where the nationalist1662:(1926); a promotion of the1407:Rather than the developing419:Pankhurst and her sisters,6646:

6578:Women of the Victorian era6104:Sylvia Pankhurst biography5939:Pankhurst, Sylvia (1931).5390:"the pankhurst connection"5368:sylviapankhurst.gn.apc.org5300:Srivastava (2021), p. 455.4582:. Bookmarks. p.131.4372:Pankhurst, Sylvia (1921).4271:. Basingstoke: Macmillan.3277:The National Archives blog3154:Pankhurst, Sylvia (2013).3079:"Women Workers of England"2463:, London: T. Werner Laurie2356:Soviet Russia as I Saw It.2268:which continues to publish2206:In October 2022, London's1981:League against Imperialism1965:League of Coloured Peoples1855:League against Imperialism1004:Situationist International617:settlement house movement.613:Women's Trade Union League611:. Emerson had come to the380:in London, hosted radical37:A photograph of Pankhurst6533:English women in politics6275:

6199:Works by Sylvia Pankhurst5591:Carnochan, W. B. (2008).4968:Liddington, Jill (1991).4468:Die russische Revolution,4347:"Punish Sylvia Pankhurst"4334:Soviet Russia as I Saw It4332:Pankburst, Sylvia (1921)3913:10.1080/096120202002003213817:Montefiore, Dora (1913).3062:Winslow, Barbara (2008).2903:10.1080/096120296002001122725:(Eiderdown Books, 2019);2319:, August, pp.87–92.2130:Ethiopian art and culture2034:, which was then under a2013:Spanish fascist rebellion1792:Indian Home Rule movement1762:of 1921 described in the1742:Irish War of Independence1438:In any event, it was the1417:centrally planned economy1390:, who in his 1920 thesis300:invasion by Italy in 1935259:. Pankhurst welcomed the30:

6588:British feminist artists6513:People from Old Trafford6259:Women's Franchise League6110:Sylvia Pankhurst Archive6074:Briefly reviewed in the5524:Milkias, Paulos (2003).5489:(3): (533–557) 551–553.5477:Marzagora, Sara (2022).5364:"About Sylvia Pankhurst"4929:Wright, Patrick (2003).4609:. Springer. p.43.4538:The Workers' Dreadnought4512:Annares, Thelme (1968).3906:(2): (273–292) 281–283.3133:Women's History Magazine2087:I. T. A. Wallace Johnson1727:Irish Home Rule movement1705:Pankhurst protesting in1679:The Suffragette Movement1166:Communist Bulletin Group827:February 1917 Revolution769:Bachelor's Walk massacre433:Manchester School of Art271:. But as an advocate of225:Estelle Sylvia Pankhurst167:Communist Workers' Party159:Independent Labour Party128:Activist, writer, artist115:Manchester School of Art6399:Sophia Goulden (mother)5720:news.laserprocess.co.uk5646:. Gov.uk. 24 April 20184870:Bell, Geoffrey (2016).4729:James, Winston (2017).4466:Rosa Luxemburg’s text,4424:"Freedom of discussion"3948:cms.acenturyofwomen.com3622:Syylvia Pankurst Reader3177:Ward, Margaret (1995).2920:. Spartacus Educational2652:(Penguin Books, 1987),2325:Education of the Masses2140:Death and commemoration1932:Involvement in Ethiopia1480:Glasgow Communist Group1444:British Socialist Party1149:The Invisible Committee773:conscientious objectors715:The Woman's Dreadnought704:. At the suggestion of609:Zelie Passavant Emerson602:Lawrence textile strike6623:British women Marxists6148:"Communism or Reforms"6076:January 25, 2021 issue6015:The Spectacle of Women6013:Tickner, Lisa (1987).5696:. iNews. 24 April 20185416:, "Makonnen, Ras", in5226:historynewsnetwork.org5220:Mittman, Greg (2022).5110:BelfastTelegraph.co.uk4703:McKay, Claude (1937).4656:Béliard, Yann (2016).4443:"Open Letter to Lenin"4402:smokestack-books.co.uk4313:Flewers, Paul (2003).4151:Shipway, Mark (1988).3900:Women's History Review3672:"Workers' Dreadnought"3508:Broder, David (2019).3306:www.workersliberty.org2954:10.1093/ref:odnb/378332891:Women's History Review2866:London Review of Books2669:(Penguin Books, 2002)2469:Ex-Italian Somaliland.2258:Addis Ababa University2162:Holy Trinity Cathedral2149:

1907:

1710:

1583:General Workers' Union1579:

1476:Shop Stewards Movement1468:

1442:(CPGB), formed by the1401:Communist Party (BSTI)1228:Socialism or Barbarism811:

760:

733:

590:Elizabeth Gurley Flynn455:

101:Holy Trinity Cathedral6548:English anti-fascists6299:Women's Sunday (1908)6191:by Sylvia Pankhurst,6042:Norris, Katy (2019).6017:. London. p.29.5954:Norris, Katy (2019).5316:. Tsehai Publishers.5183:(4): (448–463), 450.4202:Lenin, V. I. (1970).3676:Spartacus Educational3542:Spartacus Educational3251:Spartacus Educational3185:(50): (127–147) 135.3127:Mercer, John (2007).2758:Anti-Air War Memorial2711:(Pluto Press, 2013);2531:Workers' Dreadnought.2374:Workers' Dreadnought,2349:Workers' Dreadnought,2242:Woodford tube station2147:

1987:in London. After the1899:

1857:and the West-African1816:Anti–Air War Memorial1784:caste system in India1740:In commentary on the1704:

1643:libertarian socialist1574:

1548:. She had serialised1495:anti-Bolshevik forces1466:sections of people...1463:

1446:in August 1920 (with1405:Workers' Dreadnought.1213:Marxist Working Group867:1918 "Coupon election857:in Russia, that only806:

758:

728:

635:East London socialist507:and male bystanders.453:

6558:Feminism and history6376:(2015 graphic novel)6357:Shoulder to Shoulder6189:"I Was Forcibly Fed"6121:UK National Archives5177:Postcolonial Studies5149:on 16 September 20095112:. 17 December 2018.4576:Cliff, Tony (1984).4550:Heath, Nick (2017).4398:"Writ on Cold Slate"4376:. Smokestack Books.4247:Workers' Dreadnought4063:Davis, Mary (1999).3710:Rosemary Betterton,3565:Peace Pledge Union.3498:Connolly (2021), 2703226:Woman and her Sphere2830:Woman and her Sphere2813:BBC History Magazine2707:Katherine Connolly,2679:Patricia W. Romero,2607:(Aurum Press, 2003)2565:(Virago Ltd, 1979),2556:Secondary literature2525:Women's Dreadnought.2519:Newspapers, journals2395:Open Letter to Lenin2385:Workers' Dreadnought2338:Workers' Dreadnought2299:Writings (selection)1973:No More War movement1895:capitalist democracy1667:Latino sine flexione1646:Silvio Erasmus Corio1611:Workers' Dreadnought1336:Socialism portal1324:Communism portal834:Worker's Dreadnought571:Taylorist principles497:Houses of Parliament440:Royal College of Art257:Christabel Pankhurst201:Christabel Pankhurst119:Royal College of Art6518:Anti-Stalinist left6304:Black Friday (1910)6156:Workers Dreadnought6098:Sylviapankhurst.com5394:RASTAFARI IN MOTION5337:Benji, Ras (2017).4447:Workers Dreadnaught4428:Workers Dreadnaught4253:(13). 19 June 1920.4182:www.janinebooth.com2763:History of feminism2575:Richard Pankhurst,2561:Richard Pankhurst,2399:Workers Dreadnought1913:, her constituency1909:Pankhurst wrote to1887:George Bernard Shaw1812:North-West Frontier1794:and criticised the1595:industrial unionist1558:Alexandra Kollontai1535:Workers Dreadnought1470:In September, with1429:anarcho-syndicalism1348:Politics portal1293:Industrial unionism1243:Workers' Opposition929:Class consciousness924:Anti-Stalinist left784:Elizabeth McCracken739:, a veteran of the596:strategist for the505:Metropolitan Police324:African nationalism275:, she rejected the6568:Pacifist feminists6538:English communists6350:Sister Suffragette6245:Emmeline Pankhurst5388:Baku, Ras Shango.4778:"Sylvia Pankhurst"3247:"Sylvia Pankhurst"2918:"Sylvia Pankhurst"2631:Shirley Harrison,2617:Shirley Harrison,2603:Shirley Harrison,2593:(Macmillan, 1992)2549:Ethiopia Observer.2427:London: A.A. Knopf2316:McClure's Magazine2291:Research Archive.2152:Pankhurst died in2150:

1977:Reginald Bridgeman1800:Saya San Rebellion1788:Indian nationalism1760:Anglo-Irish Treaty1711:

1568:on the subject of1522:Writ on Cold Slate1124:Communist Struggle949:Organic centralism855:October Revolution761:

649:Eveline Haverfield541:Strangers' Gallery456:

352:Emmeline Pankhurst288:Irish independence261:Russian Revolution6543:English pacifists6523:British feminists6490:

6489:

6360:(1974 BBC serial)6053:978-1-9160416-0-85965:978-1-9160416-0-85918:Ethiopia Observer5850:. 16 April 1928.5824:. 31 January 20135604:978-0-8047-6098-05463:978-0-300-03691-65414:Amon Saba Saakana5323:978-0-9723172-3-85082:978-0-9723172-3-85038:978-0-8032-2993-85008:978-0-8264-5814-84981:978-0-8156-2539-14616:978-1-349-19222-94589:978-0-906224-12-04122:978-0-7453-1518-83880:978-0-9523410-1-73389:978-1-912702-95-43340:978-1-78680-454-93113:978-1-135-43402-13035:978-0-415-23978-32960:(Subscription or2745:978-1-4088804-1-82731:978-1-9160416-0-82693:Barbara Winslow,2641:978-0-9553963-2-82266:Ethiopia Observer2177:Parliament Square2148:Pankhurst's grave1969:Reginald Reynolds1911:Winston Churchill1891:Giacomo Matteotti1831:Charlotte Despard1823:Gabrielle Duchêne1744:(1919-1921), the1631:troops in Germany1608:On 14 June 1924,1587:Antonie Pannekoek1528:Break with Moscow1499:Terence MacSwiney1425:Antonie Pannekoek1384:

1383:

1283:Classical Marxism1079:Antonie Pannekoek1049:Bruno Fortichiari999:Council communism844:Siegfried Sassoon695:Cat and Mouse Act629:Rose Schneiderman594:"Bread and Roses"575:African Americans530:Cat and Mouse Act501:Conciliation Bill360:Richard Pankhurst358:Goulden) and Dr.306:where, after the263:and consulted in241:London's East End222:

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187:Richard Pankhurst177:Richard Pankhurst78:27 September 19606635:

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